I made a quick video addressing this vital but vexed question.
References
Link & Phelan (2001) ‘Conceptualizing Stigma’ in Annual Review of Sociology.
Parker & Aggleton (2003) ‘HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: a conceptual framework and implications for action’ in Social Science and Medicine.
Scambler (2009) ‘Health-related stigma’ in Sociology of Health and Illness.
Scarce (1999) Smearing the Queer.